阿尔茨海默氏症 疾病

迹象 & 症状

阿尔茨海默病的症状包括:

• 丧失抽象思维. Someone with 阿尔茨海默氏症 disease may lose the ability to draw conclusions 和 solve problems. 平衡支票簿可能会变得很困难, 例如, 因为病人忘记了怎么处理这些数字.

• 定向障碍. 患有阿尔茨海默病的人可能会在他们居住的街道上迷路, 忘记他们在哪里以及他们是如何到达那里的, 也不知道怎么回家.

• 缺乏主动性. 患有这种疾病的人可能会变得被动或没有动力, 在电视机前一坐就是几个小时, 睡得比平时多，不去做平时的活动.
• 语言问题. People with 阿尔茨海默氏症 disease often forget simple words or substitute words with inappropriate ones. An 阿尔茨海默氏症 patient who can't find his or her toothbrush may ask for "that thing for my mouth."
• 遗忘东西. 我们都很容易时不时地把钱包或钥匙放错地方, 但阿尔茨海默病患者会把东西放在不寻常的地方, 比如冰箱里的熨斗或者糖碗里的手表.
• 情绪波动. Rapid mood swings — from calm to tears to anger — for no apparent reason is another common symptom.
• 人格改变. 性格往往会随着年龄的增长而改变, 但患有阿尔茨海默病的人可能会有严重的性格改变, 变得非常困惑, 可疑的, 害怕或依赖家庭成员的.
• 判断力差. 丧失判断力是一种常见的症状. 病人穿衣服可以不顾天气, wearing several shirts or blouses on a warm day or very little clothing in cold weather. Others may give away large amounts of money to telemarketers or pay for home repairs or products they don't need.

诊断

没有单一的诊断测试可以诊断阿尔茨海默病. 这个过程包括几项测试，可能需要一天以上的时间. These tests make it possible to diagnosis 阿尔茨海默氏症 with an accuracy of about 90 percent.

There are two abnormal structures in the brain associated with 阿尔茨海默氏症 disease — amyloid plaques 和 neurofibrillary tangles:

• 淀粉样斑块. 淀粉样斑块 are sticky clumps or patches of protein surrounded by the debris of dying nerve cells in the brain.
• 神经原纤维缠结. These are the damaged remains of protein called tau, which are required for normal brain function. 在阿尔茨海默氏症, tau蛋白的线会扭曲, 研究人员认为哪些可能会损害神经元并导致它们死亡.

研究为神经元细胞死亡的原因提供了线索, but scientists have not identified the role plaques 和 tangles play in the disease 和 if they're the key factors.

评价

在加州大学旧金山分校记忆与衰老中心, 评估将涉及神经科十大赌博平台排行榜, 放射科十大赌博平台排行榜, 药剂师, 护士和其他卫生专业人员. 评估可能包括一系列测量记忆的测试, 推理, 视觉运动协调和语言技能. 此外，评估可能包括:

• 大脑扫描. These tests will be performed to detect other possible causes of dementia such as stroke.
• 面试. 与患者和另一位与患者关系密切的人进行面谈, 比如亲戚, spouse or close friend who can provide examples of memory loss 和 functional decline.
• 实验室测试. 实验室测试，比如 血 和 尿液 tests, may provide information about problems other than 阿尔茨海默氏症 that could cause dementia.
• 病史. 关于精神或身体状况的信息, 处方药和非处方药的使用, 家族病史也会被收集.
• 精神状态. An evaluation will be conducted to assess sense of time 和 place; ability to remember, underst和 和 communicate; 和 ability to do simple math problems.
• 物理考试. 评估患者的营养状况、血压和脉搏. Tests of sensation, balance 和 other functions of the nervous system also will be conducted.
• 精神评估. An assessment of mood 和 other emotional factors that could cause dementia-like 症状 or may accompany 阿尔茨海默氏症 disease will be performed.

治疗

Several medications are approved to manage the disease or slow the rate of decline. Some patients improve with medication 和 experience a temporary improvement soon after taking medication, 但改善和稳定的时期各不相同. Despite treatment, it appears that 阿尔茨海默氏症 disease progresses in the long term.

除了毒品, 有氧运动和负重运动可以提高能量水平, 减少冷漠，提高整体幸福感. 因为缺乏动力可能是个问题, a personal trainer can be helpful to ensure participation in an exercise program.

One treatment that holds promise for the future is a vaccine that targets the beta-amyloid protein. 在老鼠身上进行的疫苗研究令人鼓舞. 涉及人类的研究还处于早期阶段.

卫生保健专业人员, 有了越来越灵敏的诊断技能, are using advanced imaging 和 medical technology to identify specific dementia disorders. 这改善并扩大了治疗的选择.

A reversible form of dementia is detected in 10 to 20 percent of suspected 阿尔茨海默氏症 disease cases. 这些情况通常是由电解质失衡引起的, 甲状腺疾病, 头部外伤, 维生素缺乏, 精神疾病，如严重的抑郁症, 安定之类的药物, 或者酗酒和吸毒.

Caring for someone with 阿尔茨海默氏症 disease can be physically 和 emotionally challenging. 经常, the caregiver assumes tasks such as household finances 和 cooking that were previously shared or the responsibility of the patient. 记忆力的逐渐丧失会损害对家庭成员的识别能力, 导致情感疏离和分离.

A wide range of support services are available for dementia patients 和 their caregivers.